Programming Designing Tools

Before doing coding for the programs we must know about tools used in programming. Following are the programming design tools that may help you to understand the logic and the way the programs are made.

• Algorithm
• Flowchart
• Pseudocode 

These tools helps in construction of programming. Developers use these tools so that they can develop the program without forgetting the steps.

Algorithm
An algorithm is a step by step solution of a problem. A machine cannot solve any problem its own. It needs instruction to perform. The well mannered and finite number of steps helps any machine to solve the problem. For example a robot needs instructions to polish a shoe or make a cup of tea.

Features

• There must be finite number of steps
• Input and Output should be predefined
• Steps should be well formatted. It must be clearly readout

An algorithm to make a cup of tea

Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Pour two glass of water in boiling pot
Step 3 : Lit the gas stove
Step 4 : Boil the poured water for about 3 minutes
Step 5 : Mix two spoon of tea leaves, three spoon of sugar and now add a cup of milk in it
Step 6 : Let it be boil for next 2 minutes
Step 7 : Off the stove
Step 8 : Pour the ready tea in three cup
Step 9: Give it to drinkers
Step 10 : Stop

An algorithm to find the sum of two unknown inputted numbers

Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Input two numbers in a and b
Step 3 : add a and b and put it into c
Step 4 : Display c
Step 5 : Stop

An algorithm to find the greater number among any two unknown inputted numbers

Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Input two numbers and store it in a and b
Step 3 : If a>b then
                 print a is the greater number
             else
                print b is the greater number
Step 4 : Stop

An algorithm to find the greatest number among any three inputted numbers

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input any three numbers in a, b, c
Step 3: If a>b and a>c then
            Print a is the greatest numbers
            Elseif b>c theen
            print b is the greatest
            else
            print c is the greatest
Step 4 : Stop

An algorithm to print first ten natural numbers

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Assign n=1
Step 3: Print n
Step 4: If n<10
             Goto step 5
            else
               Goto step 7
Step 5: n=n+1
Step 6: Goto step 3
Step 7: Stop

An algorithm to find the sum of first ten natural numbers

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Assign n=1,s=0
Step 3: If n<10
             s=s+1          
Step 4: n=n+1
Step 5: Goto step 3
Step 6: Print Sum=; s
Step 7: Stop

Flowchart 
Flowchart is a pictorial wise solution of any problem. Developers find it easy to study the steps using the picture. Since picture is more effective than words, flowchart is preferred by many. There are some symbols representation for the steps used to draw flowchart. They are:


1. Oval Shape









This shape is used to represent start and end of the steps.

2. Parallelogram 







This shape is used to represent input as well as output of the program

3. Arrow/Lines
This shape is used to represent the flow of the program steps
4.  Rectangle





Rectangle shape is used to represent process of the program

5. Assigning box



The predefined constant is represented by this shape


6. Circle

         
The Perfect circle is used to connect different flow of the program.




Flowchart for finding sum of two given numbers

Rules of Flowchart

• Each symbol denotes a significant operation
• Uses only one start and stop point
• Flow lines should not cross each other normally

Share: